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1. What is laser cleaning?The energy of a focused laser beam is used to ablate and break molecular bonds and vaporize unwanted material, be it contaminants or coatings on a surface. The technology can effectively remove corrosion, residue, paint, and other substances without damaging the underlying substrate.
This process is non-contact, controlled, and precise, allowing for the selective removal of unwanted layers.
Laser cleaning is becoming more widely adopted in various industries due to its precision, efficiency, eco-friendliness, and minimal damage to the surface being cleaned.
2. How does laser cleaning work?
Laser ablation occurs when a material layer or a coating is removed with a high-power laser beam. When the beam hits the surface, molecular bonds in the dust or rust layer are broken and ejected from the substrate. In less technical terms, you can imagine that the layer to be removed is simply vaporized by the laser beam.
3. How can laser cleaning be achieved without harming the substrate?
Each material has a specific ablation threshold. To successfully remove a layer from a given material, the energy transferred by the laser beam must be above the ablation threshold of that particular material.
Since there is an ablation threshold for each material, laser cleaning can discriminate between two or more materials when trying to remove an undesired layer from an object. Given a sufficiently large ablation threshold difference between the materials, it is possible to select a material to be removed (i.e., the one with the lower ablation threshold ) while leaving the other material untouched.
For example, the rust ablation threshold is much lower than the threshold for common metals like steel and aluminum. The same goes for paint and oil. This vast gap between the two values allows contaminants and coatings to be completely vaporized without any risk of damaging the base material underneath. There's just not enough energy for damage to happen.
4. Difference between pulsed laser and continuous laser
Pulsed lasers carefully remove coatings by storing and releasing energy periodically. This energy is released with a high intensity that can remove coatings like paint by sublimation, vaporization, and concussive detaching.
With continuous lasers, energy is released continuously, resulting in a lower intensity. This constant emission doesn't reach the intensity of a pulsed laser system that's required for most applications. Low intensity will cause the paint to be removed by incineration instead, often damaging the substrate due to the thermal effect of the process.